The Asymptote distribution ships a precompiled llvmpipe Vulkan driver
(libvulkan_lvp.dylib) and an ICD manifest (lvp_icd.x86_64.json) for
macOS running on Intel hardware. These are installed alongside the
other Asymptote files in the Asymptote search path. When Metal is
unavailable (e.g., headless VM), the renderer loader automatically
detects this and uses the shipped llvmpipe driver via VK_ICD_FILENAMES.

sudo port install meson ninja llvm-19 py312-mako py312-packaging xorg-libxshmfence
sudo ln -s /opt/local/bin/llvm-config-mp-19 /opt/local/bin/llvm-config

git clone https://gitlab.freedesktop.org/mesa/mesa.git
cd mesa

mkdir build && cd build
python3 -m venv venv
source venv/bin/activate
pip3 install mako packaging PyYAML
meson setup .. \
  --prefix=/opt/local \
  --pkg-config-path=/opt/local/lib/pkgconfig:/opt/local/share/pkgconfig \
  -Dgallium-drivers=llvmpipe \
  -Dvulkan-drivers=swrast \
  -Dglx=disabled \
  -Degl=disabled \
  -Dgles1=disabled \
  -Dgles2=disabled \
  -Dllvm=enabled \
  -Dbuildtype=release

ninja
sudo ninja install

cd ~/asymptote
cp /opt/local/lib/libvulkan_lvp.dylib base
cp /opt/local/share/vulkan/icd.d/lvp_icd.x86_64.json base
install_name_tool -change @rpath/libLLVM.dylib \
  /opt/local/libexec/llvm-19/lib/libLLVM.dylib \
  base/libvulkan_lvp.dylib
sed -i '' 's|/opt/local/lib/libvulkan_lvp.dylib|./libvulkan_lvp.dylib|' base/lvp_icd.x86_64.json

Runtime dependencies on the target Mac (must be installed via MacPorts):

  llvm-19          libLLVM.dylib (JIT compilation)
  spirv-tools      libSPIRV-Tools.dylib (shader compilation)
  xorg-libxcb      libxcb, libxcb-xfixes, libxcb-randr, libxcb-shm
  xorg-libX11      libX11-xcb
  zstd             libzstd.1.dylib
  expat            libexpat.1.dylib
  zlib             libz.1.dylib (usually pre-installed)

These are the same libraries needed to build Mesa, so if you built llvmpipe
from source they should already be present.